Duplex 2205 simbi isingatsvinyike yave kushandiswa pakugadzira midziyo yekumanikidza inogadzirwa nemakemikari, masherufu ekupisa, uye mapaipi ekugadzirisa anobata nzvimbo dzine chloride yakawanda, sulfuric acid intermediates, uye mvura inogadzirwa kubva mukushanda kwemafuta negasi. Rudzi urwu runobatanidza austenitic neferritic phases zvakaenzana, zvichipa simba rekugadzira rinopetwa kaviri kupfuura 304L/316L austenitic grades ukuwo zvichiramba zvichidzivirira ngura negomba kupfuura austenitic stainless. Wow Stainless inopa duplex 2205 plate, sheet, bar, uye welded pipe kumakambani ekugadzira makemikari muUS Gulf Coast, Canadian oil-sand processing regions, uye Mexican petrochemical corridors. Maitiro akajairika anosanganisira reactor feed piping, chloride-bearing process water systems, uye structural components muFGD (flue gas desulfurization) absorbers dzinoshandisa magetsi anogadzirwa nemarasha. Kugamuchirwa kwesimbi ine zvikamu zviviri uye kugamuchirwa kweASME Code kwakakurudzira kugamuchirwa kwekugadzirwa kwefekitori yekugadzira makemikari kubvira muna 2018, apo ASME B&PV Code Section VIII yakagadzirisa zvinhu zviviri zvakabvumidzwa zviri pamutemo zvine zvinodiwa zvakadzama zvekugadzirisa.

Nei Duplex 2205 Ichitsiva 316L munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kugadzira Chloride

Duplex 2205 inopa simba rekuburitsa zvinhu zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura 316L austenitic stainless (450 MPa vs 220 MPa minimum yield), zvichiita kuti pave nemagadzirirwo emidziyo yesimbi ine madziro matete inoderedza huremu hwezvinhu uye mutengo. Dual-phase microstructure inopa simba rekudzivirira ngura nekupwanyika kwegomba, nePREN (nhamba yakaenzana yekudzivirira gomba) ye35 zvichienzaniswa ne25 ye316L. Kune huwandu hwechloride huri pamusoro pe1,000 ppm uye tembiricha dzekushanda dziri pamusoro pe60°C, duplex 2205 inoramba ichishanda apo 316L inosangana nekukundikana kwegomba nekupwanyika kwegomba mukati memwedzi.

Kubatsira kwe duplex 2205 mukugadzira midziyo ine simba remagetsi kunobatsira kuderedza huremu hwemidziyo, nenzira dzakatetepa dzinoderedza huremu hwemidziyo ne30-40% zvichienzaniswa ne316L equivalents pachiyero chakaenzana chekumanikidzwa. Kune ma reactors emakemikari ane dhayamita yakakura uye matangi ekuchengetera, kuderedza huremu kunoreva zvakananga kuderedzwa kwemitoro yenheyo, nyore nyore kutakura zvinhu, uye kudzikisa mitengo yekuvaka nzvimbo. Rutsigiro rwezvitambi zveASME Code Section VIII runogonesa dhizaini ye duplex 2205 pasina mvumo yeinjiniya yakakosha, zvichiita kuti mashandiro einjiniya epurojekiti ave nyore.

Kune nzvimbo dzine chloride, duplex 2205 ndiyo yega nzira inoshanda yesimbi isingatsvedzeri inorarama makore gumi kusvika makumi maviri ekushanda kwayo pakupisa kuri pamusoro pe60°C. 316L dzimwe nzira dzinosangana ne chloride stress corrosion cracking mukati memakore maviri kusvika mashanu mumamiriro mazhinji ekushanda kwemakemikari, zvichikonzera kuvharwa kusina kurongwa uye kutsiva kunodhura. Kubatsira kwe duplex 2205 muhupenyu hwese kunonyanya kuonekwa mukushandiswa kwakawanda kwe chloride uko mutengo wekutsiva uye kurasikirwa kwekugadzirwa kwekudzimwa kusina kurongwa kunotungamira mukuverenga kwehupfumi kwehupenyu hwese. Zvinyorwa zvekutarisa pakutevedzera ASME code yemidziyo yekumanikidza yesimbi isingatsvedzeri zvinowanikwa kuburikidza neBSI pa https://www.bsigroup.com/.

Nzira Dzekugadzira Dzinochengetedza Duplex Metallurgical Balance

Kugadzirwa kweDuplex 2205 kunoda kudzorwa kwekupisa uye kutonga tembiricha yepakati pemasendi kuti kuchengetedze chiyero che austenite-ferrite cheinenge 50-50. Kupisa kwakanyanya kana nguva yakareba pa300-900°C kunoita kuti sigma phase precipitation ipararire iyo inosanganisa alloy. Wow Stainless inotsanangura GTAW neGMAW welding nekupisa kwakanyanya kwepakati pemasendi e150°C, kupisa kunongogumira pa1.0 kJ/mm, uye post-weld solution annealing pa1050-1100°C kune zvikamu zvinorema. Zvikamu zvakasungirirwa mugeji dzakareruka zvinowanzo shandiswa pasina kurapwa kwekupisa kwepashure peweld chero bedzi qualification yewelding ichisimbisa chiyero chechikamu chinogamuchirika.

Kufanirwa kwemaitiro ekuwelda zvichienderana neASME Section IX kunosungirwa pakugadzira duplex 2205 pressure vessel, ine zvinyorwa zveweld procedure specification records (WPSRs) zvichiratidza kusarudzwa kwesimbi yekuzadza, kuumbwa kwegasi rekudzivirira, kuyerwa kwekupisa kwepakati, uye huwandu hweferrite hunobva paASTM A240 measurement methodology. Wow Stainless inochengetedza maWPSR akagadziriswa kare emhando dzakajairika dzeduplex 2205 weld configurations dzinosanganisira butt-joint plate, pipe-to-pipe, pipe-to-fitting, uye branch-connection geometries, zvichitsigira kukurumidza kweprojekiti engineering pasina kugadzirwa kweWPSR paprojekiti.

Kucheka, kugadzira, uye kugadzira duplex 2205 kunotevera tsika dzakajairwa dzesimbi isingatsvinda nekutarisa pakupfeka zvishandiso. Mwero wekuomesa we duplex 2205 unodarika 316L neinenge 30%, zvichida kuderedzwa kwekumhanya kwekucheka uye kuwedzera kuomarara kwezvishandiso pakushanda kwekugadzira. Wow Stainless inoburitsa nhungamiro dzemagadzirirwo ekugadzira kune vatengi vanoita zvekugadzira zvechipiri, kusanganisira kumhanya kwekucheka kunokurudzirwa, mwero wekudya, uye zvirevo zvezvishandiso zvekuchera, kugogodza, kugaya, uye kutenderedza mashandiro e duplex 2205 plate, bar, uye pombi.

Mashandisirwo eMudziyo weDzvinyiriro neMapaipi muKugadzira Makemikari

Duplex 2205 muNorth America makemikari ekugadzirisa makemikari anoshanda nemapombi ekudya ereactor ane chloride, sulfuric acid intermediate handling, FGD absorber internal components mukugadzira magetsi achishandisa marasha, uye masystem emvura akagadzirwa mumabasa emafuta negasi. ASME B&PV Code Section VIII stamps dzekuvaka midziyo yepressure uchishandisa zvinhu zveduplex dzave dzichishanda kubvira 2018, dzichitsigira specification yakapararira yeinjiniya yemiti. Mapoka einjiniya eWorley, Fluor, Bechtel, naJacobs anogara achitsanangura duplex 2205 mukuvaka makemikari mumapurojekiti eUS Gulf Coast.

Zvishandiso zvemukati zveFGD zvinosanganisa mademister, matireyi, uye ma spray nozzles mukugadzira magetsi anoshandiswa nemarasha zvinomiririra kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwe duplex 2205 plate ne sheet. Nzvimbo ine chloride yakawanda muma FGD absorbers inokonzera ngura nekukurumidza yesimbi yekabhoni uye dzimwe nzira dze316L, nekukundikana kwemakomba kunowanzoonekwa mukati memwedzi 18-36 yekushanda. Duplex 2205 inonwisa hupenyu hwebasa kusvika makore 15-25 pakati pekudzima kwakarongwa, zvichideredza zvakanyanya mari yekutsiva uye kurasikirwa kwemari inowanikwa panguva yekudzima. Makambani eEPC ekugadzira magetsi anosanganisira Sargent & Lundy, Burns & McDonnell, uye Black & Veatch anogara achitsanangura duplex 2205 yemapurojekiti matsva ekuvaka nekutsiva ma FGD absorber.

Kugadziriswa kwemvura mumabasa emafuta negasi, kunyanya mvura inoyerera muPermian Basin, Bakken, neCanada oil-sands, kunounza matambudziko ekuora anoenderana ne duplex 2205. Kusanganiswa kwema chloride pa 50,000-200,000 ppm, dissolved CO2, uye tembiricha yekushanda ye 60-90°C kunounza ngura mu carbon steel ye 1-5 mm/gore, nekupwanyika kwengura mumidziyo ye 316L mukati memakore 3-5. Duplex 2205 inoderedza ngura kusvika pasi pe 0.1 mm/gore uye inobvisa matambudziko eSCC, ichitsigira zvinangwa zvehupenyu hwemakore 20-30 zvezvivakwa zvekubata mvura zvakagadzirwa. Magwaro eNACE MR0175 ekutevedzera anotaurwa kuburikidza neBSI pa https://www.bsigroup.com/.

Magwaro Ekuyedza Chigayo Anodiwa neASME neASTM Standards

Wow Stainless inopa zvitupa zvekuyedza zvemugayo zvichienderana neEN 10204 3.1 standard, zvichiratidza kurongeka kweplate yega yega, pepa, pombi, kana bar zvichienderana nekupisa uye chimiro chechigadzirwa. Magwaro anosanganisira kuumbwa kwemakemikari zvichienderana neASTM A240, hunhu hwemakanika paASTM A370 kusanganisira simba rekugadzira, simba rekudhonza, kureba, uye kuomarara, pamwe nekuyedzwa kwekuora zvichienderana neASTM A923 standard yekuona zvikamu zvinokuvadza zvemukati mesimbi muzvinhu zviviri. Zvitupa zvekuyedza zvinochengetwa nedhijitari kwemakore gumi zvichitevedza zvinodiwa nemagwaro eASME.

Kuongororwa kweASTM A923 kwakakosha pakusimbisa zvigadzirwa zvemuchina weduplex 2205 kuti zvionekwe kana paine sigma phase kana chi phase precipitation inogona kuitika panguva yekupisa kusina kunaka pamuchina. ASTM A923 Method A (etch test) uye Method B (impact test) zvinoona kana paine phase precipitation iyo, kana iripo, inokonzera brittle behavior iri kushanda. Wow Stainless inoita bvunzo yeASTM A923 pane duplex 2205 heat lot yega yega isati yaburitswa, nemagwaro anopiwa pachitupa chega chega chemuchina sehumbowo hwekutevedzera mitemo.

Pakushandisa midziyo yekumanikidza inoda kugadzirwa kwezvitambi zveASME, Wow Stainless inogona kupa zvinhu zvekusimbisa zviviri zvine chitambi cheUS ASME uye chitambi cheCE/PED European pressure equipment directive pachitupa chimwe chete chemugayo. Chitupa ichi chinotsigira vagadziri vanoshandira mapaipi eprojekiti ekuNorth America neEurope vasina nzira dzakasiyana dzekutsvagira zvinhu uye magwaro. Zvitupa zvekuedza mugayo zvinosainwa nemumiriri wemhando yepamusoro ane mvumo ane humbowo hunogona kusimbiswa kuburikidza nerejista yepamhepo yesangano rinosimbisa kuti vatevedzere zvizere magwaro.

Zvinofungwa NezveKugovera Zvinhu Pahurongwa hweMapurojekiti ekuNorth America

Nguva dzekushandisa kubva pakubvumidzwa kweodha kusvika kuUS Gulf Coast kana kuenda kuCanada dzinotangira pamavhiki 14-20 eukobvu hwemaplate akajairwa (3-50mm) uye purogiramu dzemapombi akajairwa, nenguva refu dzekushandisa mapombi akakosha, maplate akakura, kana maodha madiki pasi pehuwandu hushoma hwemuchina. Wow Stainless inochengetedza matani 300-500 eduplex 2205 plate inventory panzvimbo yeWenzhou yekutumira maodha nekukurumidza kunzvimbo dzeprojekiti dzeNorth America, nekubatana kwezvekufambisa zvinhu zvichitsigira kutumirwa kweFCL neLCL mumidziyo kuburikidza nePort of Shanghai nePort of Ningbo.

Kuronga kutenga mapurojekiti kunofanirwa kuverengerwa nguva dzinoshandiswa pakupa zvinhu muzvikamu zvemapuratifomu ekugadzira zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemaoko (12-16 mavhiki) pakukora kwemapuratifomu akagadziriswa, saizi dzemapuratifomu makuru dzinopfuura mwero wezvigayo (kazhinji upamhi hwemamita 2.5-3.0 uye kureba kwemamita 6-12), uye mapombi anoda kugadziriswa kwekupisa kana kuongororwa nevamwe. Shandisa Wow Stainless padanho rekugadzira mainjiniya kana kuti remainjiniya ekugadzira zvinhu kuti uvhare nzvimbo dzezvinhu usati wavhara mahwindo ekugadzira zvinhu nekupisa kwemaoko (mill roll) panguva yekushanda kwemavhiki 18-22.

Kune zvinodiwa zvemapurojekiti ekuNorth America nekukurumidza, Wow Stainless ine mubatanidzwa wezvinhu zviri muUS Gulf Coast nemutengesi wekuHouston ane matani makumi matatu kusvika makumi mashanu emapaipi eduplex 2205 ane saizi dzakajairwa. Izvi zvinhu zviri muHouston zvinotsigira kutumirwa kwemavhiki maviri kusvika mana kumakambani einjiniya yemakemikari uye vagadziri vemidziyo yepressure kuti vagadzirise nekukurumidza uye zvinodiwa zvemapurojekiti madiki. Zvinhu zviri muHouston zvine zvitupa zvekuyedza zvemichina zvinoenderana uye zvinotsigira magwaro emhando yekugadzira kuti zvitevedzere kutevedzera kuongororwa kweinjiniya yeprojekiti.

Kana muine mibvunzo pamusoro pekutenga duplex 2205 plate, sheet, bar, uye welded pipe yekushandisa makemikari eNorth America processing chemical pressure vessels uye mapaipi, timu yeWow Stainless export inopa mazano ekugadzirisa, rutsigiro rwekukosha, uye logistics coordination. Samples dzezvitupa zvekuyedza Mill uye ASTM A240 compliance magwaro anowanikwa papeji rezvigadzirwa zveWow Stainless.